Criminal Law

2023-45

• §1 — Short title, commencement and application.
• §10 — Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, judgment stating that it is doubtful of which.
• §100 — Culpable homicide.
• §101 — Murder.
• §102 — Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended.
• §103 — Punishment for murder.
• §104 — Punishment for murder by life-convict.
• §105 — Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder.
• §106 — Causing death by negligence.
• §107 — Abetment of suicide of child or person of unsound mind.
• §108 — Abetment of suicide.
• §109 — Attempt to murder.
• §11 — Solitary confinement.
• §110 — Attempt to commit culpable homicide.
• §111 — Organised crime.
• §112 — Petty organised crime.
• §113 — Terrorist act.
• §114 — Hurt.
• §115 — Voluntarily causing hurt.
• §116 — Grievous hurt.
• §117 — Voluntarily causing grievous hurt.
• §118 — Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means.
• §119 — Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act.
• §12 — Limit of solitary confinement.
• §120 — Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property.
• §121 — Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty.
• §122 — Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocation.
• §123 — Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence.
• §124 — Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.
• §125 — Act endangering life or personal safety of others.
• §126 — Wrongful restraint.
• §127 — Wrongful confinement.
• §128 — Force.
• §129 — Criminal force.
• §13 — Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction.
• §130 — Assault.
• §131 — Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation.
• §132 — Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty.
• §133 — Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation.
• §134 — Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person.
• §135 — Assault or criminal force in attempt to wrongfully confine a person.
• §136 — Assault or criminal force on grave provocation.
• §137 — Kidnapping.
• §138 — Abduction.
• §139 — Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging.
• §14 — Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law.
• §140 — Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etc.
• §141 — Importation of girl or boy from foreign country.
• §142 — Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person.
• §143 — Trafficking of person.
• §144 — Exploitation of a trafficked person.
• §145 — Habitual dealing in slaves.
• §146 — Unlawful compulsory labour.
• §147 — Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against Government of India.
• §148 — Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 147.
• §149 — Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against Government of India.
• §15 — Act of Judge when acting judicially.
• §150 — Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war.
• §151 — Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain exercise of any lawful power.
• §152 — Act endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
• §153 — Waging war against Government of any foreign State at peace with Government of India.
• §154 — Committing depredation on territories of foreign State at peace with Government of India.
• §155 — Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 153 and 154.
• §156 — Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape.
• §157 — Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape.
• §158 — Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner.
• §159 — Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty.
• §16 — Act done pursuant to judgment or order of Court.
• §160 — Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof.
• §161 — Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office.
• §162 — Abetment of such assault, if assault committed.
• §163 — Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman.
• §164 — Harbouring deserter.
• §165 — Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master.
• §166 — Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman.
• §167 — Persons subject to certain Acts.
• §168 — Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman.
• §169 — Candidate, electoral right defined.
• §17 — Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law.
• §170 — Bribery.
• §171 — Undue influence at elections.
• §172 — Personation at elections.
• §173 — Punishment for bribery.
• §174 — Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election.
• §175 — False statement in connection with an election.
• §176 — Illegal payments in connection with an election.
• §177 — Failure to keep election accounts.
• §178 — Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes.
• §179 — Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank- notes.
• §18 — Accident in doing a lawful act.
• §180 — Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank- notes.
• §181 — Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.
• §182 — Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes.
• §183 — Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government.
• §184 — Using Government stamp known to have been before used.
• §185 — Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used.
• §186 — Prohibition of fictitious stamps.
• §187 — Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law.
• §188 — Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint.
• §189 — Unlawful assembly.
• §19 — Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm.
• §190 — Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object.
• §191 — Rioting.
• §192 — Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot-if rioting be committed; if not committed.
• §193 — Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place.
• §194 — Affray.
• §195 — Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.
• §196 — Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.
• §197 — Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration.
• §198 — Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person.
• §199 — Public servant disobeying direction under law.
• §2 — Definitions.
• §20 — Act of a child under seven years of age.
• §200 — Punishment for non-treatment of victim.
• §201 — Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury.
• §202 — Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade.
• §203 — Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property.
• §204 — Personating a public servant.
• §205 — Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent.
• §206 — Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding.
• §207 — Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof.
• §208 — Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant.
• §209 — Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 84 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.
• §21 — Act of a child above seven and under twelve years of age of immature understanding.
• §210 — Omission to produce document or electronic record to public servant by person legally bound to produce it.
• §211 — Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it.
• §212 — Furnishing false information.
• §213 — Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it.
• §214 — Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question.
• §215 — Refusing to sign statement.
• §216 — False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation.
• §217 — False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to injury of another person
• §218 — Resistance to taking of property by lawful authority of a public servant.
• §219 — Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant.
• §22 — Act of a person of unsound mind.
• §220 — Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant.
• §221 — Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions.
• §222 — Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance.
• §223 — Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant.
• §224 — Threat of injury to public servant.
• §225 — Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant.
• §226 — Attempt to commit suicide to compel or restrain exercise of lawful power.
• §227 — Giving false evidence.
• §228 — Fabricating false evidence.
• §229 — Punishment for false evidence.
• §23 — Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will.
• §230 — Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence.
• §231 — Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment.
• §232 — Threatening any person to give false evidence.
• §233 — Using evidence known to be false.
• §234 — Issuing or signing false certificate.
• §235 — Using as true a certificate known to be false.
• §236 — False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence.
• §237 — Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false.
• §238 — Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender.
• §239 — Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform.
• §24 — Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated.
• §240 — Giving false information respecting an offence committed.
• §241 — Destruction of document or electronic record to prevent its production as evidence.
• §242 — False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution.
• §243 — Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution.
• §244 — Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution.
• §245 — Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due.
• §246 — Dishonestly making false claim in Court.
• §247 — Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due.
• §248 — False charge of offence made with intent to injure.
• §249 — Harbouring offender.
• §25 — Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent.
• §250 — Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment.
• §251 — Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender.
• §252 — Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc.
• §253 — Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered.
• §254 — Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits.
• §255 —
• §256 — Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture.
• §257 — Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law.
• §258 — Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law.
• §259 — Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend.
• §26 — Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person’s benefit.
• §260 — Intentional omission to apprehend on part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed.
• §261 — Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant.
• §262 — Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension.
• §263 — Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person.
• §264 — Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise provided for.
• §265 — Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for.
• §266 — Violation of condition of remission of punishment.
• §267 — Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding.
• §268 — Personation of assessor.
• §269 — Failure by person released on bail bond or bond to appear in Court.
• §27 — Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person of unsound mind, by, or by consent of guardian.
• §270 — Public nuisance.
• §271 — Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.
• §272 — Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.
• §273 — Disobedience to quarantine rule.
• §274 — Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale.
• §275 — Sale of noxious food or drink.
• §276 — Adulteration of drugs.
• §277 — Sale of adulterated drugs.
• §278 — Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation.
• §279 — Fouling water of public spring or reservoir.
• §28 — Consent known to be given under fear or misconception.
• §280 — Making atmosphere noxious to health.
• §281 — Rash driving or riding on a public way.
• §282 — Rash navigation of vessel.
• §283 — Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy.
• §284 — Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel.
• §285 — Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation.
• §286 — Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance.
• §287 — Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter.
• §288 — Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance.
• §289 — Negligent conduct with respect to machinery.
• §29 — Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused.
• §290 — Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down, repairing or constructing buildings, etc.
• §291 — Negligent conduct with respect to animal.
• §292 — Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for.
• §293 — Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue.
• §294 — Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc.
• §295 — Sale, etc., of obscene objects to child.
• §296 — Obscene acts and songs.
• §297 — Keeping lottery office.
• §298 — Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult religion of any class.
• §299 — Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs.
• §3 — General explanations.
• §30 — Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent.
• §300 — Disturbing religious assembly.
• §301 — Trespassing on burial places, etc.
• §302 — Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings of any person.
• §303 — Theft.
• §304 — Snatching.
• §305 — Theft in a dwelling house, or means of transportation or place of worship, etc.
• §306 — Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master.
• §307 — Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to committing of theft.
• §308 — Extortion.
• §309 — Robbery.
• §31 — Communication made in good faith.
• §310 — Dacoity.
• §311 — Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt.
• §312 — Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon.
• §313 — Punishment for belonging to gang of robbers, etc.
• §314 — Dishonest misappropriation of property.
• §315 — Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death.
• §316 — Criminal breach of trust.
• §317 — Stolen property.
• §318 — Cheating.
• §319 — Cheating by personation.
• §32 — Act to which a person is compelled by threats.
• §320 — Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors.
• §321 — Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors.
• §322 — Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration.
• §323 — Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property.
• §324 — Mischief.
• §325 — Mischief by killing or maiming animal.
• §326 — Mischief by injury, inundation, fire or explosive substance, etc.
• §327 — Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a rail, aircraft, decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden.
• §328 — Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc.
• §329 — Criminal trespass and house-trespass.
• §33 — Act causing slight harm.
• §330 — House-trespass and house-breaking.
• §331 — Punishment for house-trespass or house-breaking.
• §332 — House-trespass in order to commit offence.
• §333 — House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint.
• §334 — Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property.
• §335 — Making a false document.
• §336 — Forgery.
• §337 — Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc.
• §338 — Forgery of valuable security, will, etc.
• §339 — Having possession of document described in section 337 or section 338, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine.
• §34 — Things done in private defence.
• §340 — Forged document or electronic record and using it as genuine.
• §341 — Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 338.
• §342 — Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 338, or possessing counterfeit marked material.
• §343 — Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security.
• §344 — Falsification of accounts.
• §345 — Property mark.
• §346 — Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury.
• §347 — Counterfeiting a property mark.
• §348 — Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark.
• §349 — Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark.
• §35 — Right of private defence of body and of property.
• §350 — Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods.
• §351 — Criminal intimidation.
• §352 — Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of peace.
• §353 — Statements conducing to public mischief.
• §354 — Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of Divine displeasure.
• §355 — Misconduct in public by a drunken person.
• §356 — Defamation.
• §357 — Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person.
• §358 — Repeal and savings.
• §36 — Right of private defence against act of a person of unsound mind, etc.
• §37 — Acts against which there is no right of private defence.
• §38 — When right of private defence of body extends to causing death.
• §39 — When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.
• §4 — Punishments.
• §40 — Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of body.
• §41 — When right of private defence of property extends to causing death.
• §42 — When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.
• §43 — Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of property.
• §44 — Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person.
• §45 — Abetment of a thing.
• §46 — Abettor.
• §47 — Abetment in India of offences outside India.
• §48 — Abetment outside India for offence in India.
• §49 — Punishment of abetment if act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment.
• §5 — Commutation of sentence.
• §50 — Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor.
• §51 — Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done.
• §52 — Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done.
• §53 — Liability of abettor for an effect caused by act abetted different from that intended by abettor.
• §54 — Abettor present when offence is committed.
• §55 — Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.
• §56 — Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment.
• §57 — Abetting commission of offence by public or by more than ten persons.
• §58 — Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.
• §59 — Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent.
• §6 — Fractions of terms of punishment.
• §60 — Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment.
• §61 — Criminal conspiracy.
• §62 — Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment.
• §63 — Rape.
• §64 — Punishment for rape.
• §65 — Punishment for rape in certain cases.
• §66 — Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim.
• §67 — Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation.
• §68 — Sexual intercourse by a person in authority.
• §69 — Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means, etc.
• §7 — Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple.
• §70 — Gang rape.
• §71 — Punishment for repeat offenders.
• §72 — Disclosure of identity of victim of certain offences, etc.
• §73 — Printing or publishing any matter relating to Court proceedings without permission.
• §74 — Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty.
• §75 — Sexual harassment.
• §76 — Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe.
• §77 — Voyeurism.
• §78 — Stalking.
• §79 — Word, gesture or act intended to insult modesty of a woman.
• §8 — Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.
• §80 — Dowry death.
• §81 — Cohabitation caused by man deceitfully inducing belief of lawful marriage.
• §82 — Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife.
• §83 — Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage.
• §84 — Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman.
• §85 — Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty.
• §86 — Cruelty defined.
• §87 — Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc.
• §88 — Causing miscarriage.
• §89 — Causing miscarriage without woman’s consent.
• §9 — Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences.
• §90 — Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage.
• §91 — Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause to die after birth.
• §92 — Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide.
• §93 — Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years of age, by parent or person having care of it.
• §94 — Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body.
• §95 — Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence.
• §96 — Procuration of child.
• §97 — Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years of age with intent to steal from its person.
• §98 — Selling child for purposes of prostitution, etc.
• §99 — Buying child for purposes of prostitution, etc.

2023-46

• §1 — Short title, extent and commencement.
• §10 — Chief Judicial Magistrate and Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, etc.
• §100 — Search for persons wrongfully confined.
• §101 — Power to compel restoration of abducted females.
• §102 — Direction, etc., of search-warrants.
• §103 — Persons in charge of closed place to allow search.
• §104 — Disposal of things found in search beyond jurisdiction.
• §105 — Recording of search and seizure through audio-video electronic means.
• §106 — Power of police officer to seize certain property.
• §107 — Attachment, forfeiture or restoration of property.
• §108 — Magistrate may direct search in his presence.
• §109 — Power to impound document, etc., produced.
• §11 — Special Judicial Magistrates.
• §110 — Reciprocal arrangements regarding processes.
• §111 — Definitions.
• §112 — Letter of request to competent authority for investigation in a country or place outside India.
• §113 — Letter of request from a country or place outside India to a Court or an authority for investigation in India.
• §114 — Assistance in securing transfer of persons.
• §115 — Assistance in relation to orders of attachment or forfeiture of property.
• §116 — Identifying unlawfully acquired property.
• §117 — Seizure or attachment of property.
• §118 — Management of properties seized or forfeited under this Chapter.
• §119 — Notice of forfeiture of property.
• §12 — Local Jurisdiction of Judicial Magistrates.
• §120 — Forfeiture of property in certain cases.
• §121 — Fine in lieu of forfeiture.
• §122 — Certain transfers to be null and void.
• §123 — Procedure in respect of letter of request.
• §124 — Application of this Chapter.
• §125 — Security for keeping peace on conviction.
• §126 — Security for keeping peace in other cases.
• §127 — Security for good behaviour from persons disseminating certain matters.
• §128 — Security for good behaviour from suspected persons.
• §129 — Security for good behaviour from habitual offenders.
• §13 — Subordination of Judicial Magistrates.
• §130 — Order to be made.
• §131 — Procedure in respect of person present in Court.
• §132 — Summons or warrant in case of person not so present.
• §133 — Copy of order to accompany summons or warrant.
• §134 — Power to dispense with personal attendance.
• §135 — Inquiry as to truth of information.
• §136 — Order to give security.
• §137 — Discharge of person informed against.
• §138 — Commencement of period for which security is required.
• §139 — Contents of bond.
• §14 — Executive Magistrates.
• §140 — Power to reject sureties.
• §141 — Imprisonment in default of security.
• §142 — Power to release persons imprisoned for failing to give security.
• §143 — Security for unexpired period of bond.
• §144 — Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents.
• §145 — Procedure.
• §146 — Alteration in allowance.
• §147 — Enforcement of order of maintenance.
• §148 — Dispersal of assembly by use of civil force.
• §149 — Use of armed forces to disperse assembly.
• §15 — Special Executive Magistrates.
• §150 — Power of certain armed force officers to disperse assembly.
• §151 — Protection against prosecution for acts done under sections 148, 149 and 150.
• §152 — Conditional order for removal of nuisance.
• §153 — Service or notification of order.
• §154 — Person to whom order is addressed to obey or show cause.
• §155 — Penalty for failure to comply with section 154.
• §156 — Procedure where existence of public right is denied.
• §157 — Procedure where person against whom order is made under section 152 appears to show cause.
• §158 — Power of Magistrate to direct local investigation and examination of an expert.
• §159 — Power of Magistrate to furnish written instructions, etc.
• §16 — Local Jurisdiction of Executive.
• §160 — Procedure on order being made absolute and consequences of disobedience.
• §161 — Injunction pending inquiry.
• §162 — Magistrate may prohibit repetition or Continuance of public nuisance.
• §163 — Power to issue order in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger.
• §164 — Procedure where dispute concerning land or water is likely to cause breach of peace.
• §165 — Power to attach subject of dispute and to appoint receiver.
• §166 — Dispute concerning right of use of land or water.
• §167 — Local inquiry.
• §168 — Police to prevent cognizable offences.
• §169 — Information of design to commit cognizable offences.
• §17 — Subordination of Executive Magistrates.
• §170 — Arrest to prevent commission of cognizable offences.
• §171 — Prevention of injury to public property.
• §172 — Persons bound to conform to lawful directions of police.
• §173 — Information in cognizable cases.
• §174 — Information as to non-cognizable cases and investigation of such cases.
• §175 — Police officer’s power to investigate cognizable case.
• §176 — Procedure for investigation.
• §177 — Report how submitted.
• §178 — Power to hold investigation or preliminary inquiry.
• §179 — Police officer's power to require attendance of witnesses.
• §18 — Public Prosecutors.
• §180 — Examination of witnesses by police.
• §181 — Statements to police and use thereof.
• §182 — No inducement to be offered.
• §183 — Recording of confessions and statements.
• §184 — Medical examination of victim of rape.
• §185 — Search by police officer.
• §186 — When officer in charge of police station may require another to issue search-warrant.
• §187 — Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in twenty-four hours.
• §188 — Report of investigation by subordinate police officer.
• §189 — Release of accused when evidence deficient.
• §19 — Assistant Public Prosecutors.
• §190 — Cases to be sent to Magistrate, when evidence is sufficient.
• §191 — Complainant and witnesses not to be required to accompany police officer and not to be subject to restraint.
• §192 — Diary of proceedings in investigation.
• §193 — Report of police officer on completion of investigation.
• §194 — Police to enquire and report on suicide, etc.
• §195 — Power to summon persons.
• §196 — Inquiry by Magistrate into cause of death.
• §197 — Ordinary place of inquiry and trial.
• §198 — Place of inquiry or trial.
• §199 — Offence triable where act is done or consequence ensues.
• §2 — Definitions.
• §20 — Directorate of Prosecution.
• §200 — Place of trial where act is an offence by reason of relation to other offence.
• §201 — Place of trial in case of certain offences.
• §202 — Offences committed by means of electronic communications, letters, etc.
• §203 — Offence committed on journey or voyage.
• §204 — Place of trial for offences triable together.
• §205 — Power to order cases to be tried in different sessions divisions.
• §206 — High Court to decide, in case of doubt, district where inquiry or trial shall take place.
• §207 — Power to issue summons or warrant for offence committed beyond local jurisdiction.
• §208 — Offence committed outside India.
• §209 — Receipt of evidence relating to offences committed outside India.
• §21 — Courts by which offences are triable.
• §210 — Cognizance of offences by Magistrate.
• §211 — Transfer on application of accused.
• §212 — Making over of cases to Magistrates.
• §213 — Cognizance of offences by Court of Session.
• §214 — Additional Sessions Judges to try cases made over to them.
• §215 — Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority of public servants, for offences against public justice and for offences relating to documents given in evidence.
• §216 — Procedure for witnesses in case of threatening, etc.
• §217 — Prosecution for offences against State and for criminal conspiracy to commit such offence.
• §218 — Prosecution of Judges and public servants.
• §219 — Prosecution for offences against marriage.
• §22 — Sentences which High Courts and Sessions Judges may pass.
• §220 — Prosecution of offences under section 85 of Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
• §221 — Cognizance of offence.
• §222 — Prosecution for defamation.
• §223 — Examination of complainant.
• §224 — Procedure by Magistrate not competent to take cognizance of case.
• §225 — Postponement of issue of process.
• §226 — Dismissal of complaint.
• §227 — Issue of process.
• §228 — Magistrate may dispense with personal attendance of accused.
• §229 — Special summons in cases of petty offence.
• §23 — Sentences which Magistrates may pass.
• §230 — Supply to accused of copy of police report and other documents.
• §231 — Supply of copies of statements and documents to accused in other cases triable by Court of Session.
• §232 — Commitment of case to Court of Session when offence is triable exclusively by it.
• §233 — Procedure to be followed when there is a complaint case and police investigation in respect of same offence.
• §234 — Contents of charge.
• §235 — Particulars as to time, place and person.
• §236 — When manner of committing offence must be stated.
• §237 — Words in charge taken in sense of law under which offence is punishable.
• §238 — Effect of errors.
• §239 — Court may alter charge.
• §24 — Sentence of imprisonment in default of fine.
• §240 — Recall of witnesses when charge altered.
• §241 — Separate charges for distinct offences.
• §242 — Offences of same kind within year may be charged together.
• §243 — Trial for more than one offence.
• §244 — Where it is doubtful what offence has been committed.
• §245 — When offence proved included in offence charged.
• §246 — What persons may be charged jointly.
• §247 — Withdrawal of remaining charges on conviction on one of several charges.
• §248 — Trial to be conducted by Public Prosecutor.
• §249 — Opening case for prosecution.
• §25 — Sentence in cases of conviction of several offences at one trial.
• §250 — Discharge.
• §251 — Framing of charge.
• §252 — Conviction on plea of guilty.
• §253 — Date for prosecution evidence.
• §254 — Evidence for prosecution.
• §255 — Acquittal.
• §256 — Entering upon defence.
• §257 — Arguments.
• §258 — Judgment of acquittal or conviction.
• §259 — Previous conviction.
• §26 — Mode of conferring powers.
• §260 — Procedure in cases instituted under sub-section (2) of section 222.
• §261 — Compliance with section 230.
• §262 — When accused shall be discharged.
• §263 — Framing of charge.
• §264 — Conviction on plea of guilty.
• §265 — Evidence for prosecution.
• §266 — Evidence for defence.
• §267 — Evidence for prosecution.
• §268 — When accused shall be discharged.
• §269 — Procedure where accused is not discharged.
• §27 — Powers of officers appointed.
• §270 — Evidence for defence.
• §271 — Acquittal or conviction.
• §272 — Absence of complainant.
• §273 — Compensation for accusation without reasonable cause.
• §274 — Substance of accusation to be stated.
• §275 — Conviction on plea of guilty.
• §276 — Conviction on plea of guilty in absence of accused in petty cases.
• §277 — Procedure when not convicted.
• §278 — Acquittal or conviction.
• §279 — Non-appearance or death of complainant.
• §28 — Withdrawal of powers.
• §280 — Withdrawal of complaint.
• §281 — Power to stop proceedings in certain cases.
• §282 — Power of Court to convert summonscases into warrant-cases.
• §283 — Power to try summarily.
• §284 — Summary trial by Magistrate of second class.
• §285 — Procedure for summary trials.
• §286 — Record in summary trials.
• §287 — Judgment in cases tried summarily.
• §288 — Language of record and judgment.
• §289 — Application of Chapter.
• §29 — Powers of Judges and Magistrates exercisable by their successors-in office.
• §290 — Application for plea bargaining.
• §291 — Guidelines for mutually satisfactory disposition.
• §292 — Report of mutually satisfactory disposition to be submitted before Court.
• §293 — Disposal of case.
• §294 — Judgment of Court.
• §295 — Finality of judgment.
• §296 — Power of Court in plea bargaining.
• §297 — Period of detention undergone by accused to be set off against sentence of imprisonment.
• §298 — Savings.
• §299 — Statements of accused not to be used.
• §3 — Construction of references.
• §30 — Powers of superior officers of police.
• §300 — Non-application of Chapter.
• §301 — Definitions.
• §302 — Power to require attendance of prisoners.
• §303 — Power of State Government or Central Government to exclude certain persons from operation of section 302.
• §304 — Officer in charge of prison to abstain from carrying out order in certain contingencies.
• §305 — Prisoner to be brought to Court in custody.
• §306 — Power to issue commission for examination of witness in prison.
• §307 — Language of Courts.
• §308 — Evidence to be taken in presence of accused.
• §309 — Record in summonscases and inquiries.
• §31 — Public when to assist Magistrates and police.
• §310 — Record in warrant-cases.
• §311 — Record in trial before Court of Session.
• §312 — Language of record of evidence.
• §313 — Procedure in regard to such evidence when completed.
• §314 — Interpretation of evidence to accused or his advocate.
• §315 — Remarks respecting demeanour of witness.
• §316 — Record of examination of accused.
• §317 — Interpreter to be bound to interpret truthfully.
• §318 — Record in High Court.
• §319 — When attendance of witness may be dispensed with and commission issued.
• §32 — Aid to person, other than police officer, executing warrant.
• §320 — Commission to whom to be issued.
• §321 — Execution of commissions.
• §322 — Parties may examine witnesses.
• §323 — Return of commission.
• §324 — Adjournment of proceeding.
• §325 — Execution of foreign commissions.
• §326 — Deposition of medical witness.
• §327 — Identification report of Magistrate.
• §328 — Evidence of officers of Mint.
• §329 — Reports of certain Government scientific experts.
• §33 — Public to give information of certain offences.
• §330 — No formal proof of certain documents.
• §331 — Affidavit in proof of conduct of public servants.
• §332 — Evidence of formal character on affidavit.
• §333 — Authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn.
• §334 — Previous conviction or acquittal how proved.
• §335 — Record of evidence in absence of accused.
• §336 — Evidence of public servants, experts, police officers in certain cases.
• §337 — Person once convicted or acquitted not to be tried for same offence.
• §338 — Appearance by Public Prosecutors.
• §339 — Permission to conduct prosecution.
• §34 — Duty of officers employed in connection with affairs of a village to make certain report.
• §340 — Right of person against whom proceedings are instituted to be defended.
• §341 — Legal aid to accused at State expense in certain cases.
• §342 — Procedure when corporation or registered society is an accused.
• §343 — Tender of pardon to accomplice.
• §344 — Power to direct tender of pardon.
• §345 — Trial of person not complying with conditions of pardon.
• §346 — Power to postpone or adjourn proceedings.
• §347 — Local inspection.
• §348 — Power to summon material witness, or examine person present.
• §349 — Power of Magistrate to order person to give specimen signatures or handwriting, etc.
• §35 — When police may arrest without warrant.
• §350 — Expenses of complainants and witnesses.
• §351 — Power to examine accused.
• §352 — Oral arguments and memorandum of arguments.
• §353 — Accused person to be competent witness.
• §354 — No influence to be used to induce disclosure.
• §355 — Provision for inquiries and trial being held in absence of accused in certain cases.
• §356 — Inquiry, trial or judgment in absentia of proclaimed offender.
• §357 — Procedure where accused does not understand proceedings.
• §358 — Power to proceed against other persons appearing to be guilty of offence.
• §359 — Compounding of offences.
• §36 — Procedure of arrest and duties of officer making arrest.
• §360 — Withdrawal from prosecution.
• §361 — Procedure in cases which Magistrate cannot dispose of.
• §362 — Procedure when after commencement of inquiry or trial, Magistrate finds case should be committed.
• §363 — Trial of persons previously convicted of offences against coinage, stamp-law or property.
• §364 — Procedure when Magistrate cannot pass sentence sufficiently severe.
• §365 — Conviction or commitment on evidence partly recorded by one Magistrate and partly by another.
• §366 — Court to be open.
• §367 — Procedure in case of accused being person of unsound mind.
• §368 — Procedure in case of person of unsound mind tried before Court.
• §369 — Release of person of unsound mind pending investigation or trial.
• §37 — Designated police officer.
• §370 — Resumption of inquiry or trial.
• §371 — Procedure on accused appearing before Magistrate or Court.
• §372 — When accused appears to have been of sound mind.
• §373 — Judgment of acquittal on ground of unsoundness of mind.
• §374 — Person acquitted on ground of unsoundness of mind to be detained in safe custody.
• §375 — Power of State Government to empower officer in charge to discharge.
• §376 — Procedure where prisoner of unsound mind is reported capable of making his defence.
• §377 — Procedure where person of unsound mind detained is declared fit to be released.
• §378 — Delivery of person of unsound mind to care of relative or friend.
• §379 — Procedure in cases mentioned in section 215.
• §38 — Right of arrested person to meet an advocate of his choice during interrogation.
• §380 — Appeal.
• §381 — Power to order costs.
• §382 — Procedure of Magistrate taking cognizance.
• §383 — Summary procedure for trial for giving false evidence.
• §384 — Procedure in certain cases of contempt.
• §385 — Procedure where Court considers that case should not be dealt with under section 384.
• §386 — When Registrar or Sub-Registrar to be deemed a Civil Court.
• §387 — Discharge of offender on submission of apology.
• §388 — Imprisonment or committal of person refusing to answer or produce document.
• §389 — Summary procedure for punishment for non-attendance by a witness in obedience to summons.
• §39 — Arrest on refusal to give name and residence.
• §390 — Appeals from convictions under sections 383, 384, 388 and 389.
• §391 — Certain Judges and Magistrates not to try certain offences when committed before themselves.
• §392 — Judgment.
• §393 — Language and contents of judgment.
• §394 — Order for notifying address of previously convicted offender.
• §395 — Order to pay compensation.
• §396 — Victim compensation scheme.
• §397 — Treatment of victims.
• §398 — Witness protection scheme.
• §399 — Compensation to persons groundlessly arrested.
• §4 — Trial of offences under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 and other laws.
• §40 — Arrest by private person and procedure on such arrest.
• §400 — Order to pay costs in non-cognizable cases.
• §401 — Order to release on probation of good conduct or after admonition.
• §402 — Special reasons to be recorded in certain cases.
• §403 — Court not to alter judgment.
• §404 — Copy of judgment to be given to accused and other persons.
• §405 — Judgment when to be translated.
• §406 — Court of Session to send copy of finding and sentence to District Magistrate.
• §407 — Sentence of death to be submitted by Court of Session for confirmation.
• §408 — Power to direct further inquiry to be made or additional evidence to be taken.
• §409 — Power of High Court to confirm sentence or annul conviction.
• §41 — Arrest by Magistrate.
• §410 — Confirmation or new sentence to be signed by two Judges.
• §411 — Procedure in case of difference of opinion.
• §412 — Procedure in cases submitted to High Court for confirmation.
• §413 — No appeal to lie unless otherwise provided.
• §414 — Appeal from orders requiring security or refusal to accept or rejecting surety for keeping peace or good behavior.
• §415 — Appeals from convictions.
• §416 — No appeal in certain cases when accused pleads guilty.
• §417 — No appeal in petty cases.
• §418 — Appeal by State Government against sentence.
• §419 — Appeal in case of acquittal.
• §42 — Protection of members of Armed Forces from arrest.
• §420 — Appeal against conviction by High Court in certain cases.
• §421 — Special right of appeal in certain cases.
• §422 — Appeal to Court of Session how heard.
• §423 — Petition of appeal.
• §424 — Procedure when appellant in jail.
• §425 — Summary dismissal of appeal.
• §426 — Procedure for hearing appeals not dismissed summarily.
• §427 — Powers of Appellate Court.
• §428 — Judgments of subordinate Appellate Court.
• §429 — Order of High Court on appeal to be certified to lower Court.
• §43 — Arrest how made.
• §430 — Suspension of sentence pending appeal; release of appellant on bail.
• §431 — Arrest of accused in appeal from acquittal.
• §432 — Appellate Court may take further evidence or direct it to be taken.
• §433 — Procedure where Judges of Court of appeal are equally divided.
• §434 — Finality of judgments and orders on appeal.
• §435 — Abatement of appeals.
• §436 — Reference to High Court.
• §437 — Disposal of case according to decision of High Court.
• §438 — Calling for records to exercise powers of revision.
• §439 — Power to order inquiry.
• §44 — Search of place entered by person sought to be arrested.
• §440 — Sessions Judge's powers of revision.
• §441 — Power of Additional Sessions Judge.
• §442 — High Court's powers of revision.
• §443 — Power of High Court to withdraw or transfer revision cases.
• §444 — Option of Court to hear parties.
• §445 — High Court's order to be certified to lower Court.
• §446 — Power of Supreme Court to transfer cases and appeals.
• §447 — Power of High Court to transfer cases and appeals.
• §448 — Power of Sessions Judge to transfer cases and appeals.
• §449 — Withdrawal of cases and appeals by Sessions Judges.
• §45 — Pursuit of offenders into other jurisdictions.
• §450 — Withdrawal of cases by Judicial Magistrates.
• §451 — Making over or withdrawal of cases by Executive Magistrates.
• §452 — Reasons to be recorded.
• §453 — Execution of order passed under section 409.
• §454 — Execution of sentence of death passed by High Court.
• §455 — Postponement of execution of sentence of death in case of appeal to Supreme Court.
• §456 — Commutation of sentence of death on pregnant woman.
• §457 — Power to appoint place of imprisonment.
• §458 — Execution of sentence of imprisonment.
• §459 — Direction of warrant for execution.
• §46 — No unnecessary restraint.
• §460 — Warrant with whom to be lodged.
• §461 — Warrant for levy of fine.
• §462 — Effect of such warrant.
• §463 — Warrant for levy of fine issued by a Court in any territory to which this Sanhita does not extend.
• §464 — Suspension of execution of sentence of imprisonment.
• §465 — Who may issue warrant.
• §466 — Sentence on escaped convict when to take effect.
• §467 — Sentence on offender already sentenced for another offence.
• §468 — Period of detention undergone by accused to be set off against sentence of imprisonment.
• §469 — Saving.
• §47 — Person arrested to be informed of grounds of arrest and of right to bail.
• §470 — Return of warrant on execution of sentence.
• §471 — Money ordered to be paid recoverable as a fine.
• §472 — Mercy petition in death sentence cases.
• §473 — Power to suspend or remit sentences.
• §474 — Power to commute sentence.
• §475 — Restriction on powers of remission or commutation in certain cases.
• §476 — Concurrent power of Central Government in case of death sentences.
• §477 — State Government to act after concurrence with Central Government in certain cases.
• §478 — In what cases bail to be taken.
• §479 — Maximum period for which under trial prisoner can be detained.
• §48 — Obligation of person making arrest to inform about arrest, etc., to relative or friend.
• §480 — When bail may be taken in case of non-bailable offence.
• §481 — Bail to require accused to appear before next Appellate Court.
• §482 — Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest.
• §483 — Special powers of High Court or Court of Session regarding bail.
• §484 — Amount of bond and reduction thereof.
• §485 — Bond of accused and sureties.
• §486 — Declaration by sureties.
• §487 — Discharge from custody.
• §488 — Power to order sufficient bail when that first taken is insufficient.
• §489 — Discharge of sureties.
• §49 — Search of arrested person.
• §490 — Deposit instead of recognizance.
• §491 — Procedure when bond has been forfeited.
• §492 — Cancellation of bond and bail bond.
• §493 — Procedure in case of insolvency or death of surety or when a bond is forfeited.
• §494 — Bond required from child.
• §495 — Appeal from orders under section 491.
• §496 — Power to direct levy of amount due on certain recognizances.
• §497 — Order for custody and disposal of property pending trial in certain cases.
• §498 — Order for disposal of property at conclusion of trial.
• §499 — Payment to innocent purchaser of money found on accused.
• §5 — Saving.
• §50 — Power to seize offensive weapons.
• §500 — Appeal against orders under section 498 or section 499.
• §501 — Destruction of libellous and other matter.
• §502 — Power to restore possession of immovable property.
• §503 — Procedure by police upon seizure of property.
• §504 — Procedure where no claimant appears within six months.
• §505 — Power to sell perishable property.
• §506 — Irregularities which do not vitiate proceedings.
• §507 — Irregularities which vitiate proceedings.
• §508 — Proceedings in wrong place.
• §509 — Non-compliance with provisions of section 183 or section 316.
• §51 — Examination of accused by medical practitioner at request of police officer.
• §510 — Effect of omission to frame, or absence of, or error in, charge.
• §511 — Finding or sentence when reversible by reason of error, omission or irregularity.
• §512 — Defect or error not to make attachment unlawful.
• §513 — Definitions.
• §514 — Bar to taking cognizance after lapse of period of limitation.
• §515 — Commencement of period of limitation.
• §516 — Exclusion of time in certain cases.
• §517 — Exclusion of date on which Court is closed.
• §518 — Continuing offence.
• §519 — Extension of period of limitation in certain cases.
• §52 — Examination of person accused of rape by medical practitioner.
• §520 — Trials before High Courts.
• §521 — Delivery to commanding officers of persons liable to be tried by Court-martial.
• §522 — Forms.
• §523 — Power of High Court to make rules.
• §524 — Power to alter functions allocated to Executive Magistrate in certain cases.
• §525 — Cases in which Judge or Magistrate is personally interested.
• §526 — Practising advocate not to sit as Magistrate in certain Courts.
• §527 — Public servant concerned in sale not to purchase or bid for property.
• §528 — Saving of inherent powers of High Court.
• §529 — Duty of High Court to exercise continuous superintendence over Courts.
• §53 — Examination of arrested person by medical officer.
• §530 — Trial and proceedings to be held in electronic mode.
• §531 — Repeal and savings.
• §54 — Identification of person arrested.
• §55 — Procedure when police officer deputes subordinate to arrest without warrant.
• §56 — Health and safety of arrested person.
• §57 — Person arrested to be taken before Magistrate or officer in charge of police station.
• §58 — Person arrested not to be detained more than twenty-four hours.
• §59 — Police to report apprehensions.
• §6 — Classes of Criminal Courts.
• §60 — Discharge of person apprehended.
• §61 — Power, on escape, to pursue and retake.
• §62 — Arrest to be made strictly according to Sanhita.
• §63 — Form of summons.
• §64 — Summons how served.
• §65 — Service of summons on corporate bodies, firms, and societies.
• §66 — Service when persons summoned cannot be found.
• §67 — Procedure when service cannot be effected as before provided.
• §68 — Service on Government servant.
• §69 — Service of summons outside local limits.
• §7 — Territorial divisions.
• §70 — Proof of service in such cases and when serving officer not present.
• §71 — Service of summons on witness.
• §72 — Form of warrant of arrest and duration.
• §73 — Power to direct security to be taken.
• §74 — Warrants to whom directed.
• §75 — Warrant may be directed to any person.
• §76 — Warrant directed to police officer.
• §77 — Notification of substance of warrant.
• §78 — Person arrested to be brought before Court without delay.
• §79 — Where warrant may be executed.
• §8 — Court of Session.
• §80 — Warrant forwarded for execution outside jurisdiction.
• §81 — Warrant directed to police officer for execution outside jurisdiction.
• §82 — Procedure on arrest of person against whom warrant issued.
• §83 — Procedure by Magistrate before whom such person arrested is brought.
• §84 — Proclamation for person absconding.
• §85 — Attachment of property of person absconding.
• §86 — Identification and attachment of property of proclaimed person.
• §87 — Claims and objections to attachment.
• §88 — Release, sale and restoration of attached property.
• §89 — Appeal from order rejecting application for restoration of attached property.
• §9 — Courts of Judicial Magistrates.
• §90 — Issue of warrant in lieu of, or in addition to, summons.
• §91 — Power to take bond or bail bond for appearance.
• §92 — Arrest on breach of bond or bail bond for appearance.
• §93 — Provisions of this Chapter generally applicable to summons and warrants of arrest.
• §94 — Summons to produce document or other thing.
• §95 — Procedure as to letters.
• §96 — When search-warrant may be issued.
• §97 — Search of place suspected to contain stolen property, forged documents, etc.
• §98 — Power to declare certain publications forfeited and to issue search-warrants for same.
• §99 — Application to High Court to set aside declaration of forfeiture.

2023-47

• §1 — Short title, application and commencement.
• §10 — Facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant in suits for damages.
• §100 — Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts, to neither of which the whole correctly applies.
• §101 — Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc.
• §102 — Who may give evidence of agreement varying terms of document.
• §103 — Saving of provisions of Indian Succession Act relating to wills.
• §104 — Burden of proof.
• §105 — On whom burden of proof lies.
• §106 — Burden of proof as to particular fact.
• §107 — Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissible.
• §108 — Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptions.
• §109 — Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge.
• §11 — Facts relevant when right or custom is in question.
• §110 — Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within thirty years.
• §111 — Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years.
• §112 — Burden of proof as to relationship in the cases of partners, landlord and tenant, principal and agent.
• §113 — Burden of proof as to ownership.
• §114 — Proof of good faith in transactions where one party is in relation of active confidence.
• §115 — Presumption as to certain offences.
• §116 — Birth during marriage, conclusive proof of legitimacy.
• §117 — Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman.
• §118 — Presumption as to dowry death.
• §119 — Court may presume existence of certain facts.
• §12 — Facts showing existence of state of mind, or of body or bodily feeling.
• §120 — Presumption as to absence of consent in certain prosecution for rape.
• §121 — Estoppel.
• §122 — Estoppel of tenant and of licensee of person in possession.
• §123 — Estoppel of acceptor of bill of exchange, bailee or licensee.
• §124 — Who may testify.
• §125 — Witness unable to communicate verbally.
• §126 — Competency of husband and wife as witnesses in certain cases.
• §127 — Judges and Magistrates.
• §128 — Communications during marriage.
• §129 — Evidence as to affairs of State.
• §13 — Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentional.
• §130 — Official communications.
• §131 — Information as to commission of offences.
• §132 — Professional communications.
• §133 — Privilege not waived by volunteering evidence.
• §134 — Confidential communication with legal advisers.
• §135 — Production of title-deeds of witness not a party.
• §136 — Production of documents or electronic records which another person, having possession, could refuse to produce.
• §137 — Witness not excused from answering on ground that answer will criminate.
• §138 — Accomplice.
• §139 — Number of witnesses.
• §14 — Existence of course of business when relevant.
• §140 — Order of production and examination of witnesses.
• §141 — Judge to decide as to admissibility of evidence.
• §142 — Examination of witnesses.
• §143 — Order of examinations.
• §144 — Cross-examination of person called to produce a document.
• §145 — Witnesses to character.
• §146 — Leading questions.
• §147 — Evidence as to matters in writing.
• §148 — Cross-examination as to previous statements in writing.
• §149 — Questions lawful in cross-examination.
• §15 — Admission defined.
• §150 — When witness to be compelled to answer.
• §151 — Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to answer.
• §152 — Question not to be asked without reasonable grounds.
• §153 — Procedure of Court in case of question being asked without reasonable grounds.
• §154 — Indecent and scandalous questions.
• §155 — Questions intended to insult or annoy.
• §156 — Exclusion of evidence to contradict answers to questions testing veracity.
• §157 — Question by party to his own witness.
• §158 — Impeaching credit of witness.
• §159 — Questions tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact, admissible.
• §16 — Admission by party to proceeding or his agent.
• §160 — Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same fact.
• §161 — What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under section 26 or 27.
• §162 — Refreshing memory.
• §163 — Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in section 162.
• §164 — Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memory.
• §165 — Production of documents.
• §166 — Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on notice.
• §167 — Using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice.
• §168 — Judge’s power to put questions or order production.
• §169 — No new trial for improper admission or rejection of evidence.
• §17 — Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit.
• §170 — Repeal and savings.
• §18 — Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suit.
• §19 — Proof of admissions against persons making them, and by or on their behalf.
• §2 — Definitions.
• §20 — When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant.
• §21 — Admissions in civil cases when relevant.
• §22 — Confession caused by inducement, threat, coercion or promise, when irrelevant in criminal proceeding.
• §23 — Confession to police officer.
• §24 — Consideration of proved confession affecting person making it and others jointly under trial for same offence.
• §25 — Admissions not conclusive proof, but may estop.
• §26 — Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc., is relevant.
• §27 — Relevancy of certain evidence for proving, in subsequent proceeding, truth of facts therein stated.
• §28 — Entries in books of account when relevant.
• §29 — Relevancy of entry in public record or an electronic record made in performance of duty.
• §3 — Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts.
• §30 — Relevancy of statements in maps, charts and plans.
• §31 — Relevancy of statement as to fact of public nature contained in certain Acts or notifications.
• §32 — Relevancy of statements as to any law contained in law books including electronic or digital form.
• §33 — What evidence to be given when statement forms part of a conversation, document, electronic record, book or series of letters or papers.
• §34 — Previous judgments relevant to bar a second suit or trial.
• §35 — Relevancy of certain judgments in probate, etc., jurisdiction.
• §36 — Relevancy and effect of judgments, orders or decrees, other than those mentioned in section 35.
• §37 — Judgments, etc., other than those mentioned in sections 34, 35 and 36 when relevant.
• §38 — Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved.
• §39 — Opinions of experts.
• §4 — Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction.
• §40 — Facts bearing upon opinions of experts.
• §41 — Opinion as to handwriting and signature, when relevant.
• §42 — Opinion as to existence of general custom or right, when relevant.
• §43 — Opinion as to usages, tenets, etc., when relevant.
• §44 — Opinion on relationship, when relevant.
• §45 — Grounds of opinion, when relevant.
• §46 — In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed, irrelevant.
• §47 — In criminal cases previous good character relevant.
• §48 — Evidence of character or previous sexual experience not relevant in certain cases.
• §49 — Previous bad character not relevant, except in reply.
• §5 — Facts which are occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue or relevant facts.
• §50 — Character as affecting damages.
• §51 — Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved.
• §52 — Facts of which Court shall take judicial notice.
• §53 — Facts admitted need not be proved.
• §54 — Proof of facts by oral evidence.
• §55 — Oral evidence to be direct.
• §56 — Proof of contents of documents.
• §57 — Primary evidence.
• §58 — Secondary evidence.
• §59 — Proof of documents by primary evidence.
• §6 — Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct.
• §60 — Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given.
• §61 — Electronic or digital record.
• §62 — Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record.
• §63 — Admissibility of electronic records.
• §64 — Rules as to notice to produce.
• §65 — Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced.
• §66 — Proof as to electronic signature.
• §67 — Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested.
• §68 — Proof where no attesting witness found.
• §69 — Admission of execution by party to attested document.
• §7 — Facts necessary to explain or introduce fact in issue or relevant facts.
• §70 — Proof when attesting witness denies execution.
• §71 — Proof of document not required by law to be attested.
• §72 — Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved.
• §73 — Proof as to verification of digital signature.
• §74 — Public and private documents.
• §75 — Certified copies of public documents.
• §76 — Proof of documents by production of certified copies.
• §77 — Proof of other official documents.
• §78 — Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies.
• §79 — Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence, etc.
• §8 — Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design.
• §80 — Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, and other documents.
• §81 — Presumption as to Gazettes in electronic or digital record.
• §82 — Presumption as to maps or plans made by authority of Government.
• §83 — Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions.
• §84 — Presumption as to powers-of-attorney.
• §85 — Presumption as to electronic agreements.
• §86 — Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures.
• §87 — Presumption as to Electronic Signature Certificates.
• §88 — Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records.
• §89 — Presumption as to books, maps and charts.
• §9 — When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant.
• §90 — Presumption as to electronic messages.
• §91 — Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced.
• §92 — Presumption as to documents thirty years old.
• §93 — Presumption as to electronic records five years old.
• §94 — Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced to form of document.
• §95 — Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement.
• §96 — Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document.
• §97 — Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts.
• §98 — Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts.
• §99 — Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons.